strace

Shell

This executable can spawn an interactive system shell.

Unprivileged
This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.
```
strace -o /dev/null /bin/sh
```
Sudo
This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.
RemarksIf there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....
```
strace -o /dev/null /bin/sh
```
SUID
This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.
RemarksThis executable runs commands directly, e.g., via functions like exec, remember to omit the -p argument of every /bin/sh invocation for distributions where the default shell does not drop SUID privileges.
```
strace -o /dev/null /bin/sh -p
```

File write

This executable can write data to local files.

CommentThe data to be written appears amid the syscall log, quoted and with special characters escaped in octal notation. The string representation will be truncated, pick a value big enough instead of 999. More generally, any binary that executes whatever syscall passing arbitrary data can be used in place of strace - DATA.
Unprivileged
This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.
```
strace -s 999 -o /path/to/output-file strace - DATA
```
Sudo
This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.
RemarksIf there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....
```
strace -s 999 -o /path/to/output-file strace - DATA
```